Shri Acharyaji showed the inclusion of Navadha Bhakti in Tanu-Vittaja Seva in his ‘Bhaktivardhini’ verse treatise. Here this Navadha Bhakti is not considered independent ritual worship but is accepted as the supporting part of devotional worship. The meaning of Bhakti is, All exceeding unflinching love for the God following the awareness of His greatness. This divine awareness-cum-affection or devotional rituals with love and affection, is the true definition of the devotion for God. We can also describe this devotion in the language of ‘Ras-shastra’ as Shri Vrajadhip (Shri Krshna), in our house in the form of an idol is to be treated as ‘Aalamban Vibhav’ around which all other sentiments (Bhav) rotates. Affection in the heart drives other acts of mind-body-speech for devotional worship. This outside devotional behavior in the form of mind-speech-body is called ‘Anubhav’. Decoration of our Lord with ornaments & dresses, singing Kirtans describing Vraj act (Vraj Leela) etc are called ‘Uddipanbhav’ It facilitates our Lord in the form of an idol to become our ‘Alamban’. In other words, our love affection or sentiments resided in our heart towards our Lord are manifested outside in the form of an idol (Alamban-vibhav). To emulate a sentiment of Vraj devotee like a parental affection (Vatslya bhav), Sringar bhav, Sakhya bhav (freindship), etc. in our Krshna-worship, is called ‘Sanchari-bhav’ (a temporary sentiment). ‘Sthayi-bhav (a permanent sentiment) is derived from all these above sentiments putting together i.e Vi-bhav(Aalamban-vibhav & Uddipan-vibhav), anu-bhav and sanchari-bhav. Sthayi-bhav (a permanent sentiment) is love affection towards our Lord due to relationship of Soul & Super-soul (Aatmaa & Paramatmaa) between a devotee and a Bhagwan.
In order to enable a devotee to experience all these above sentiments, a devotional scriptures show a way of performing nine fold devotional rites (a Navadha Bhakti). Thus with the help of this nine fold devotional rites, an individual soul of a devotee is getting associated with divine company (Bhagawatsang) along with his body-mind-speech and ultimately units with Supreme power (A Bhagwan). This nine fold devotional rites is quoted in Shri Bhagavatam as follows:
“Shravanam Kirtnanam Vishnoh Smaranam Padsavanam Archanam Vandanam Dasyam Sakhyam Aatmanivedanam”
Shri Acharayaji also explains it in ‘Nibandh’ as
“Vishishta roopam vedaarthah phalam prem cha saadhanam tatsadhanam navadha bhaktihi”
and
“Bahyaabhyantarbheden roope bhed dyam matam naamnichaikam tatastredha bhaktimargo nirupitaha”
The manifestation of God is an ultimate goal. The tool for his appearance is love/affection and again tool for developing love is nine devotional rites. Broadly speaking there is threefold exercise connected with speech, mind and body of devotee. Sravana = listening, Kirtan = recitation, Smarana = recollection —- are the threefold exercise respectively connected with body speech and mind of beginner of devotion. Padasevan = Service, Archana = offerings flowers, tulsi leaf, ornaments, cloths, perfumes, foods etc. Vandana = showing reverence ____ are the three devotional rites respectively connected with body speech and mind of little advanced stage. Daasya = humbleness, Sakhya = friendship and lastly Aatmanivedan = self dedication, which is already mentioned before as initiation but here as daily reviving of that sentiment, are the three rites respectively connected with body speech and mind of more advanced devotee. Shri Acharyaji states in ‘Nibandh’ “Roop Naam Vibheden Jagat Kri dati Yo Yatah” ” He (God) who sports in the world as form and name “. Thus as a part of ‘Namrati’ of God, Sravan-Kirtan-Smaran of divine sports are practiced, and as part of ‘Rooprati’ of God Padsevan-Archana-Vandan as an outer limbs activities and Dasya-Sakhya-Aatmanivedan as an inner mental activities are performed, within the divine act of Krshna-worship. This way Shri Acharyaji has segregated Nine fold devotional rites in to three sections as; in ‘Bhagavat-deity, an outer and inner, two sections and in ‘Bhagavat-naam one section. Thus this daily repetition of nine fold devotional practice has its theoretical importance in service of Shri Krshna.
A Description of performing this nine fold devotional rites in Krshna-worship is explained in the book called ‘Sevakaumudi’ written by Shri BalKrshna Bhatt, a renowned scholar of Pushti Sampradaya. A short explanation of it runs as follows:
– Sravan (Listening): To listen divine acts and names of Lord Shri Krshna from Shri Bhagawat, Shri Subodhinis etc. while not engaged in Krishan-worship (Seva).
– Kirtan (Recitation): To sing poems sung and created by true devotees of Shri Acharchayaji & Shri Prabhucharan, to chant verses related to Seva during a period of Krshna-worship and to read/recite Shri Bhagawat & other related verses praising God and its sport while not engaged in Krshna-worship.
– Smaran (Recollection): To hymn Saran-mantra, Samarpan-mantra and other names of Lord Shri Krshna repeatedly.
– Padsevana ( Service): To clean the place of Krshna-worship, wash His dresses, utensils, paintings, making His ornaments, preparing flower necklace, food etc. likewise all acts, right from ‘Mangala’ to ‘Shayan’ .
– Archana (Offerings): Offering ‘Panchamrita-snaanam’ on birth ceremony of Lord, ‘Adhivasan’, ‘Sankalp’, ‘Dhoopdeep’, ‘Devothhapan’, Aarti, Sankhodak etc are falling under a category of Archana bhakti. All these are performed as a part of a devotional worship and not independently.
– Vandan (Showing reverence): Offering respect to Lord with humbleness, dandavat, pranam.
Dasya (Humbleness): Devotional mood of a devotee is expressed by taking only the offered food/cloth etc. putting ‘Tilak’ & ‘Mudra’ etc. on the head & body keeping an ultimate faith in Lord Shri Krshna.
– Sakhya (Friendliness): To offer various best available things in favour of Krshna-worship without any outside compulsion (from outside world or Divine Scriptures). To offer dresses, ornaments, music, eatables etc. according to six seasons of a year and also to offer the material which is described the best in an outside world, divine scriptures, and also a very much attractive to oneself.
– Aatmanivedan (Self-dedication): The entire universe is created by an Ultimate power, Lord Shri Krshna for his divine play. But, because of an ignorance which is also a power of God, a person tries to establish his fake ego in various acts and also his ownership on worldly matters. Aatmanivedan means to set aside this reverse attitude, to make it clear in the mind that these worldly matters are of God, are played by God, and are played for God, and to dedicate all these in His service by intimating Him accordingly. This is the declaration which is done in front of our Lord Shri Krshna at the time of an initiation ‘Brahmsabandhdiksha’. Accordingly when a person is actually offering everything to Lord in his house during a devotional worship, then it is called ‘Samarpan’. One should always revive this sentiment of Self dedication by offering Tulsi leaf symbolically in Lord’s feet daily. Normally this is done after Sringar darshan but before ‘Rajbhog’ (an offering of food).
A Pushti-devotee is required to maintain his entire life style by taking/using only those items which are offered to Lord (Samarpit). That is why Shri Acharyaji states in his ‘Sidhaantrahasya’ that “Nivedibhih samarpaiva sarvam kuryaditi sthitih, na matam devadevasya samibhuktasamrpanam. Tasmadadau sarvakarye sarvavastusamarpanam ” means ” ( The meaning is given earlier).
Lord Shri Krshna also guided us in Gita
“Yatkaroshi Yatashnashi Yajjuhoshi dadasi yat, yattapsyasi Kointeya tatkurushva madarpanam”
means “Arjuna, whatever you do, whatever you eat, whatever you offer as oblation to sacred fire, whatever you bestow as a gift; whatever you do by way of penance, offer it all to Me(Lord Shri Krshna).”
Shri Bhagawat also narrates the same thing as
“Kayen Vacha mansaa Indriyai vaa, budhyaatmanaa vaa anusrut svabhaawat, karoti yattatsakalam parasmai, Narayaneti samarpayet.”
As per our natural sentiment whatever is done by body like eating sleeping etc. and also as per the religious need whatever is done by body like Sandhyavandan etc., all to be performed for the pleasure of Lord Shri Narayan. In other words, all acts governed by one’s attitude and as per religion requirement are to be performed for Lord Shri Krshna only and not for one’s greed. From the end of night to the bedtime of next night, purpose of all deeds should be such that they are to be utilized for Krshna-worship only and not for worldly pleasures. Thus one should always keep in one’s mind that every thing to be done should be related either directly or indirectly with Krshna-worship, else one should give up that which is not any way related with Krshna-worship. This aspect is clearly explained by Shri Acharayaji in ‘Nirodhlakshan’ as “Samsaravesadustanamindriyanam hitaya vai, krsnasya sarvavastuni bhumna isasya yojayet” means ” For the benefit of the sense-faculties, which have become jaded by their involvement in Samsara, the devotee should offer to and therefore connect with Krshna, the All-pervading and the Controller, all his possessions”.
” Harimurthi sada dhyeya sankalpadapi tatra hi, darshanam sparsanam spastam tatha krigati sada, sravanam kirtanam spatstam putre krsnapriye ratih, payormalamsatyagena sesbhavam tanau nayet, yasya va bhagavatkaryam yada spastam na drsyate, tada vinigrahastasya kartavaya iti nischaya.”
Meaning: The devotee should mediate constantly on his image of Hari, for because of his mental conviction that this image is non-different from the Lord, he sees Hari clearly, touches him really, and likewise, the actions of his hands and movements of his feet are constantly for Hari. The devotee hears of him clearly, sings purely of him, and uses his sexual power to give birth to a son dear to Krshna. By the anus’ discharging of his waste, and so forth, let him make his body an instrument of service. If it is perceived that any of the sense-faculties is not clearly subordinated to the service of the Blessed Lord, it is certain that we must bring that faculty firmly under control.
When a devotee performs all acts worldly or religious with an attitude that all these may reach to my Lord Shri Krshna for his pleasure only, then these acts will be transformed as Bhgawat-dharma and not as any ordinary worldly or religious deed. This is also well explained by Shri Acharyaji in ‘Nirodhlakshan’ as
“natah parataro mantro natah paratarah stavah,
natah paratara vidya tirtham natah parataram”.
There is no sacred utterance greater than this, no hymn that is greater; no knowledge is higher, no holy place more sacred than this perfect constraint in Krshna”.
This devotional sentiment with total dedication will make a perfect constraint in Shri Krshna. But this will be possible only when a pushti-devotee offers worship to his Lord Shri Krshna in his own house with his body, own money and devoted family members. This is never possible in so called Public Pushti Temple at any cost. But due to pressure of modern busy life and the institutional mode of devotion has become so much fashionable that in the public temples of this sect, a majority of the devotees never bother for listening what is being sung as part of worship. The salaried singers on the job of singing devotional poems do not adhere to practice any other eight rites except reciting those poems. The public, who comes to have ‘darshan’ i.e. glimpse of the Deity being worshipped, is not even allowed to touch the feet of that deity. So question of making any follower or even a regular visitor, eligible for ‘Padasevana’ is never anticipated! And the salaried staff, many a time not even believing in this particular tradition of devotion, is kept simply to look after the service of Deity. That staff being not interested in any kind of devotional/spiritual development, goes for strike and lockout for increment in salary. The modern labour law covers the temples under the Industrial Act and allows the employees to form a union of temple servants. Apparently practitioners of nine fold devotional rites are, if not extinct species in pushtimarg day by day they are becoming rare species indeed!.